Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2026; 0:e05214

Keywords: 4D printing， shape memory， patent foramen ovale  bioabsorbable occluder， Iendothelialization， anti-thrombotic

Nowadays, the implantation of occluder is an effective approach for treating patent foramen ovale (PFO); however, theslow endothelialization poses significant complications associated with occlusion devices. Herein, a 4D-printed intelligentreconfigurable PFO occluder with pro-endothelialization, anti-thrombosis, and absorbability is designed. The combination of theoccluder implantation and topical drug delivery of anti-thrombosis drugs offers a solution to stroke. The occluder is designedbased on the biomimetic structure, facilitating the integration of mechanical response behavior compatible with cardiac tissue. Invitro degradation and in vivo histological examination demonstrate the bioabsorbability of the occluder, and the anti-thrombosisefficacy is preliminarily demonstrated through anti-thrombosis experiments. The effective expression of VWF and CD31 markersvalidates the superior pro-endothelial efficacy of the occluder. To summarize, the 4D- printed occluder in this work represents anaccessible strategy to combat PFO through integrated occlusion and topical drug delivery. 

Jingfei Wang, Shuting Li, Liwu Liu, Cheng Lin, Yanju Liu, Fukai Liu, Jinsong Leng

4D-Printed Intelligent Reconfigurable Occluder With Anti-Thromboticand Rapid-Repairing Capabilitiesfor Patent Foramen Ovale.pdf